塔内件主要有支承装置、压紧装置、液 体分布装置、液体搜集再分布装置、除 沫装置等。合理地选择和设计塔内件，  对保证填料塔的正 常操作的传质 性能十分重要。

1.支承装置

填料支承装置的作用是支承塔内的填料，常用的填料支承装置有栅板型、孔管型、驼峰型等。支承装置的选 择，主要的依据是塔径、填 料种类及型号、塔体及填料的材质、气液流率等。

2.压紧装置

填料上方安装压紧装置可防止在气流的作用下填料床层发作松动和跳动。填料压紧装置分为填料压板和床层 限制板两大类。

3.液体分布装置

液体分布装置的种类多样，有喷头式、盘式、管式、槽式及槽盘式等。

4.液体搜集及再分布装置

液体沿填料层向下活动时，有倾向塔壁活动的现象，这种现象称为壁流。壁流将招致填料层内气液分布不均， 使传质效率降落。为减小 壁流现象，可间隔一定高度在填料层内设置液体再分布装置。

最简单的液体再分布装置为截锥式再分布器。截锥式再分布器结构简单，安装便当，但它只起到将壁流向中 心汇集的作用，无液体再分 布的功用，普通用于直径小于0.6m的塔中。

在通常情况下，普通将液体搜集器及液体分布器同时运用，构成液体搜集及再分布装置。液体搜集器的作用 是将上层填料流下的液体搜 集，然后送至液体分布器中止液体再分布。常用的液体搜集器为斜板式液体搜集 器。而槽盘式液体分布器就是液体搜集及再 分布装置。

5. 除沫装置

由于气体在塔顶离开填料塔时，带有大量的液沫和雾滴，为回收这部分液相，经常需要在顶设置除沫器。

常用的除沫器有以下几种：折流板式除沫器，它是一种利用惯性使液滴得以分离的装置，一般在小塔中使用。 旋流板式除沫器，由几块固定的旋流板片组成，气体通过时，产生旋转运动，造成一个离心力场，液滴在离 心力作用下，向塔壁运动实 现了气液分离。适用于大塔径净化要求高的场合。

丝网除沫器，它由金属丝卷成高度为100-150的盘状使用。安装方式多种多样，气体通过除雾沫器的压强降 约为120-250Kp，丝网除沫器 的直径由气体通过丝网的气速决定。

The internal parts of the tower mainly include supporting devices, compacting devices, liquid distribution devices, liquid collection and redistribution devices, and defoaming devices. Reasonable selection and design of tower internals are very important to ensure the mass transfer performance of the normal operation of the packed tower.

1. Supporting device

The function of the packing supporting device is to support the packing in the tower. Commonly used packing supporting devices include grid plate type, perforated tube type, hump type and so on. The selection of the supporting device is mainly based on the tower diameter, the type and model of the packing material, the material of the tower body and packing, and the gas-liquid flow rate.

2. Compression device

A compression device installed above the packing can prevent the packing bed from loosening and jumping under the action of airflow. Packing compaction devices are divided into two categories: packing pressure plate and bed limiting plate.

3. Liquid distribution device

There are various types of liquid distribution devices, such as nozzle type, disk type, tube type, trough type and trough disk type.

4. Liquid collection and redistribution device

When the liquid moves down the packing layer, it tends to move towards the tower wall. This phenomenon is called wall flow. The wall flow will cause uneven gas-liquid distribution in the packing layer and decrease the mass transfer efficiency. In order to reduce the wall flow phenomenon, a liquid redistribution device can be arranged in the packing layer at a certain height.

The simplest liquid redistribution device is a truncated cone redistributor. The truncated cone redistributor is simple in structure and easy to install, but it only plays the role of converging the wall flow to the center, and has no function of liquid redistribution. It is generally used in towers with a diameter of less than 0.6m.

Under normal circumstances, the liquid collector and the liquid distributor are usually used at the same time to form a liquid collection and redistribution device. The function of the liquid collector is to collect the liquid flowing down from the upper packing, and then send it to the liquid distributor to stop the liquid redistribution. The commonly used liquid collector is the inclined plate liquid collector. The trough-plate liquid distributor is a liquid collection and redistribution device.

5. Defoaming device

As the gas leaves the packed tower at the top of the tower, there are a lot of liquid foam and droplets. In order to recover this part of the liquid phase, it is often necessary to set up a demister on the top.

The commonly used demisters are as follows: Baffle demister, which is a device that uses inertia to separate liquid droplets, and is generally used in small towers. The swirling plate demister is composed of several fixed swirling plates. When the gas passes through, it produces a rotating motion and creates a centrifugal force field. Under the action of centrifugal force, the droplets move to the tower wall to realize gas-liquid separation. It is suitable for occasions with large tower diameter and high purification requirements.

Wire mesh demister, which is used by coiling metal wire into a disk with a height of 100-150. There are various installation methods. The pressure drop of the gas passing through the demister is about 120-250Kp. The diameter of the wire mesh demister is determined by the speed of the gas passing through the wire mesh.